Guía básica de configuración de Nginx
- Francisco Javier Huete
- Servicios
- November 24, 2024
Índice
Configuración de un servidor web nginx + PHP con dos VirtualHost
VirtualHost de la página 1
vagrant@servidorweb:~$ cat /etc/nginx/sites-available/pagina1.conf
# Default server configuration
#
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
root /srv/www/pagina1;
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
server_name www.pagina1.org;
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
#pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
#
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
# With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
# With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
VirtualHost de la página 2
vagrant@servidorweb:~$ cat /etc/nginx/sites-available/pagina2.conf
# Default server configuration
#
server {
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
root /srv/www/pagina2;
# Add index.php to the list if you are using PHP
index index.php index.html index.htm index.nginx-debian.html;
server_name www.pagina2.org;
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
#pass PHP scripts to FastCGI server
#
location ~ \.php$ {
include snippets/fastcgi-php.conf;
# With php-fpm (or other unix sockets):
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.2-fpm.sock;
# With php-cgi (or other tcp sockets):
#fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
Creación de enlaces simbólicos en sites-enabled
vagrant@servidorweb:~$ ls -l /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Nov 21 08:52 pagina1.conf -> /etc/nginx/sites-available/pagina1.conf
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 39 Nov 21 08:52 pagina2.conf -> /etc/nginx/sites-available/pagina2.conf
Redirección de www.pagina1.org a www.pagina1.org/principal
Se añade la lína rewrite ^/$ $uri/principal permanent; al location de la raíz de la web.
location / {
# First attempt to serve request as file, then
# as directory, then fall back to displaying a 404.
#try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
rewrite ^/$ $uri/principal permanent;
}
La página www.pagina1.org/principal/documentos muestra los documentos del directorio /srv/doc
Primero se crea el directorio y sus documentos:
sudo mkdir -p /srv/doc
sudo touch /srv/doc/fich{A..F}.txt
Después se crea un alias en el VirtualHost que muestre los ficheros del directorio al acceder a la URL configurada.
location /principal/documentos/ {
alias /srv/doc;
autoindex on;
allow all;
}
Limitar el acceso a www.pagina1.org/secreto con autenticación básica
Primero se crea un fichero de usuarios y contraseñas
sudo htpasswd -c /etc/nginx/.htpasswd usuario
Crear el directorio y el fichero
sudo mkdir -p /srv/www/pagina1/secreto
sudo nano /srv/www/pagina1/secreto/index.html
Configurar la autenticación en el VirtualHost
location /secreto {
auth_basic "Esto es un secreto";
auth_basic_user_file /etc/nginx/.htpasswd;
}